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fn greet_user(name: Option) !", nickname) Here’s an example of a function to greet someone whether or not we know their name if we had forgotten the None case in the match or tried to use name as if it was an always-present String value, the compiler would complain. This prevents occurrences of the dreaded TypeError: Cannot read property 'foo' of null runtime error (or language equivalent), instead promoting it to a compile time error you can resolve before a user ever sees it. The Rust systems programming language combines that control with a modern type system that catches broad classes of common mistakes, from memory management.
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Like Haskell and some other modern programming languages, Rust encodes this possibility using an optional type, and the compiler requires you to handle the None case. This means any value may be what it says or nothing, effectively creating a second possible type for every type. Many statically-typed languages have a large asterisk next to them: they allow for the concept of NULL. Rust is a programming language that offers the performance of C and C++ but with safeguards to stop developers shooting themselves in the foot. This isn’t to say that all static type systems are equivalent. Statically-typed languages allow for compiler-checked constraints on the data and its behavior, alleviating cognitive overhead and misunderstandings. You only need to look at the rise of languages like TypeScript or features like Python’s type hints as people have become frustrated with the current state of dynamic typing in today’s larger codebases. The arguments between programmers who prefer dynamic versus static type systems are likely to endure for decades more, but it’s hard to argue about the benefits of static types. It’s not all roses in Rust-land, so I talk about the downsides, too. The Rust Programming Language is the official book on Rust, an open-source, community-developed systems programming language that runs blazingly fast. I’ll show a sample of what Rust offers to users of other programming languages and what the current ecosystem looks like. The short answer is that Rust solves pain points present in many other languages, providing a solid step forward with a limited number of downsides. However, the roughly 97% of survey respondents who haven’t used Rust may wonder, “What’s the deal with Rust?” Rust has been Stack Overflow’s most loved language for four years in a row, indicating that many of those who have had the opportunity to use Rust have fallen in love with it.